Basic Violet 5BN

C.I. Basic Violet 3, Crystal Violet/Gentian Violet

CAS: 548-62-9; EINECS: 208-953-6; CI No.: 42555

1. Basic & Structural Info

- Molecular formula: C₂₅H₃₀ClN₃; molecular weight: 407.98

- Chemical class: Triarylmethane cationic basic dye

- Appearance: Dark green, metallic luster powder/crystals; aqueous/ethanol solutions show bright purple

2. Key Physical & Chemical Properties

- Solubility: Soluble in cold/hot water, highly soluble in ethanol & chloroform; insoluble in ether. Aqueous λmax ≈ 590 nm

- Melting point: 205 °C (decomposes)

- pH behavior: Aqueous solution purple (pH 4–7); reacts with NaOH to form reddish-brown precipitate

- Light fastness: Moderate (ISO 2–3); wet fastness (washing/perspiration) is poor, requiring fixing agents

3. Main Applications

1. Textile: Dyeing silk, wool, modified acrylics, leather, paper; often blended for shade & fastness improvement

2. Biomedicine: Gentian violet (antiseptic); Gram stain reagent for bacteria identification

3. Industrial: Inks, carbon paper, lake pigments, wood staining, indicator solutions

4. Toxicity & Safety

- Acute oral LD₅₀ (rat): ~420 mg/kg; irritant to eyes/skin; avoid inhalation/ingestion

- Wastewater treatment: Activated carbon adsorption is effective; comply with local environmental discharge standards

- Handling: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, dust mask; store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from acids/alkalis

5. Commercial Notes

- Synonyms: Crystal Violet, Methyl Violet 10B, Gentian Violet, Hexamethylpararosaniline chloride

- Common packaging: 25 kg fiber drums; typical purity ≥98% (industrial), ≥99.5% (pharmaceutical grade)

- Color code explanation: 5BN = 5 (depth), B (blueish tint), N (neutral shade)

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